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firmware
programs and data components of a cryptographic module that are stored in hardware within the cryptographic boundary and cannot be dynamically written or modified during execution. EXAMPLE Storage hardware may include but is not limited to ROM, PROM, EEPROM, or FLASH.
source: ISO19790, 2006
Computer memory chips that contain frequently used operating programs and data so they can be processed more rapidly than if the programs and data had to be loaded and executed in random access memory (RAM). Unlike RAM, the programs and data in firmware are not erased when the power is turned off.
source: Champlain, Auditing Information Systems:2003
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